Wednesday, November 07, 2007

Digital Pictures Sent for the First Time!




Nyanduma School was able to successfully send digital pictures for the first time, since we had given them a laptop and digital camera. Here is what they were able to send...

Thursday, January 25, 2007

Tuesday, January 09, 2007

Digital Divide Solutions?

DIGITAL DIVIDE!
We have spent the past few months trying to understand what this means, what is the cause of it and how can it be solved? In the United States we are fortunate to have easy access to computers and the internet. In rural Kenya this is not the case. As technology advances in developed areas those living in less developed areas are left behind.
We see this in our ENO activities. The Nyanduma school does not have access to internet or computers in their school and do not have access to a digital camera. Lessons are printed and shared with classes this way. Pictures are scanned and then sent via email to us and we post the work on the ENO site.
The problem is easy to see, the causes of this problem are harder to understand and the solution is difficult. This is where we would like your input.

- If your school does not have access to the internet, how do you manage to participate in ENO or other internet programs?

- What do you see as the cause of this problem?

- What solutions can you think of?

Please post your thoughts. Thank you


KENYA PERSPECTIVE

DIGITAL DIVIDE

What is digital divide?

It is the uneven distribution of technology and its usage around the world. It is specifically in information, transport and communication technologies.

∑ For effective use there must be access of network.
∑ The digital devices may include: radio, television, telephones/cell phones and computers.

What causes digital divide?

∑ Poverty
∑ Invention of different devices
∑ Education system
∑ Different technical educations
∑ Differing education levels
∑ Difference in language
∑ Difference in development levels
∑ Lack of exposure
∑ Ignorance
∑ Illiteracy
∑ Means of marketing
∑ Trade taxation
∑ Cultural lifestyle e.g. Nomadic
∑ Weight and volume
∑ Government and trade union policies

Situation today

∑ The third world countries often lack the access of financial resources to establish and maintain forms of communication like telephones, Internet e.t.c. to majority of the citizens. This has created a wider gap in economic advancement compared to first world countries.

∑ Due to digital divide, there has been a great discrimination between the wealthy and poor people i.e. the wealthy would want to socialize with the wealthy and same to the poor.

∑ In the past, time was being consumed by the early forms of communication like the runners. They could easily distort some information unlike now whereby we have modern forms, which have brought the world to a global village.
∑ New technologies have established due to digital divide like in the field of Agriculture there are inventions of new methods of farming and harvesting of the products with a shorter duration, which never existed before.

∑ To talk about future, the divide shall bring up more advancement on technology whereby information shall be as fast as reaching the information within microseconds.

∑ All the divides that exist as per now will be somehow useless to the people because the upcoming ones will be more complicated than the ones we have currently.

∑ For this one to be in future we should rely on education mostly to acquire knowledge so as to make them more complicated.

∑ There are those people who don’t have the ability on how to use the digital devices and to make all people have that ability, there are some solutions to it and they may include:
∑ Those individuals with more resources should fund technology sharing.

∑ Technology clubs for both girls and boys should be created so that the young girls are not interfered with. This is because young girls of today get married in early ages. After all the purpose that they may take in their communities are lost and even to places where they are married they forget about it and start thinking about their lives alone. This is the end result to poor enhancement of technology.

∑ Older students should teach the younger classes.

∑ Internet clubs should be created for senior citizens.

∑ The government should create Internet centres for all schools in the country

Effects of digital divide

∑ It brings cultural erosion
∑ It causes laziness to addicts
∑ It entertains and educates the community.
∑ Reduces the expenses especially to those who pass information to people at far distances.
∑ It aids in interaction and social relationship.
∑ Pollute the atmosphere
∑ Waste is not decomposable
∑ Pollutes the environment
∑ Destroy nature
∑ Causes health problems
∑ It is expensive

Recommendations

∑ We should reduce the current digital divide by promoting facilities to reach all the future generation.
∑ Those who have the ability to teach those who are illiterate on how to use them so as to reduce maintenance cost

∑ Everybody should have access to them

∑ The well-wishers and sponsors in developed countries should help the third world countries by giving them the devices e.g. the computers


∑ We should unite with the companies, which are dealing with the devices so that they can bring us some in our communities and that may reduce the digital division

∑ The government should at least employ some teachers who are perfect in the field of digital use to teach the third world countries

∑ Digital devices should be made cheaper and affordable to majority

∑ Education should be geared towards us of these devices in all countries

∑ The servers in Internet use should be many and be made to use wireless lines hence portable.

Costs associated with using the internet

NAIS is expensive: -

As you all assume that everybody has access & can access the internet any where in the world. This is very wrong when you consider developing and underdeveloped countries where in most cases the majority of their population have not heard about computers, not seen it or touch it while the community of modern digitals is just a dream to them. Take for the case of Kenya which is a developing nation; digital use is rampant in the cities only because the cities are well supplied with the power/energies that are used to operate them while the rural areas are very unfortunate as they are not enjoying the same.

The NAIS project is conducted through the internet, to me and my students we are finding it to be expensive for the following: -

1. Commercialized internet access. - We have to pay for the duration of time we spend browsing and because the city where we have the internet is a distance, not all the students can visit there so we have to print the information which we carry home for all to see and read. And again, on sending information we spend a lot of time and money when typing, scanning and e-mailing. When considering the frequency at which we have to download and send back the project work, it is just but too much money.

2. Mobility: -We have been moving around to the internet centres, contacting some resource facilities and persons for information, arranging meetings for local exchange of ideas about the digitals. All this needs money.

3. Amount needed now.

Comparing the remaining weeks (7weeks) to the past where we have been using an average of US $ 40 every week. We may still assume that we need this also for every week that is a total of US dollars 280 to complete the task of NAIS, 2006/7.

Rapemo

Costs in the USA

In Colorado if you do not own a computer you may use one for free in a public library. In many libraries you can sign up for a time and the computer will be reserved for you to use for one hour. These computers are connected to the internet. If you own a computer in your home you can connect to the internet for $10 - $50/month depending on the speed of your internet connection. If you own a laptop computer you may use the internet for free in many coffee shops.

Tuesday, December 12, 2006

Climate Change, USA

Global Warming and Climate Change

Greenhouse gases, say some scientists, are the leading cause of climate change. Greenhouse gases are gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide. All of these gases occur naturally, but human production of these gases through uses of such things as cars, trucks and smokestacks. When the climate changes, weather changes along with it, causing things such as floods, droughts, and other types of extreme weather. In northern Alaska, residents are feeling the pressing matter of a heating climate. In their towns, they are dealing with issues such as rising sea levels, melting permafrost, and increased costal erosion, sending houses and roads straight into the sea. An effect of climate change is also forest fires, when forests are burned during a natural fire, or to clear land for housing, it releases carbon dioxide, a cause of global warming and therefore climate change, which causes the droughts and then the forest fires again.
Alaska has been identified to be the main concern of Global Warming. Artic Climate Impact Assessment reports that the Arctic has lost about 15 % to 20 % of their ice. This takes away the habitat of the natural fauna, including ducks and other waterfowl. Another one of the big effects of Global warming is that polar bears have been drowning after looking for scarce Arctic ice. Polar bears have been added to the “Red List” of major threatened species for extinction.
Global Warming has also caused the bird population’s Seasonal Migration to be interrupted, as well as prematurely waking up animals such as bears from hibernation, as well as the scarce availability of foods at the time animals seek them out. Also, pollinating insects might not be able to get to flowers in time. Ocean life has also been threatened by this warming. Two coral species have been added to the USA’s threatened list because of the major loss of coral, the second largest ecosystem. Temperatures rising in the water as well as harmful hurricanes have caused the significant loss of coral. Certain species of animals have been wiped out such as the American pika, and species of harlequin frogs as another effect of Global Warming.
In 1988 in the American Midwest there was a terrible drought. Corn that usually grew to 3 feet at the height of growing season grew to only a foot, if even. Many farmers lost a lot of money that year when the crops failed and we had to get our corn shipped in from other countries. Then in 1989 the number of corn farmers was down because many farmers couldn’t afford water and seeds because they had very little, if no profits from the previous year. Scientist believes that global warming caused this drought.
Another problem with global warming and its effects on agriculture is climate change. When the climate in an area changes it allows foreign plants to grow in crop fields. These plants may take over and choke the crops and native plants that are part of a state’s agricultural economy.
If we don’t try to stop global warming our agricultural economy will decline and maybe even crash. Other countries that rely on us for corn, beef, and potatoes will go hungry. We must educate ourselves on global warming so that we can invent new things like hydrogen cars, and new refrigerators to stop the greenhouse effect, before it’s to late.


Bibliography
Gardiner, Lisa . "Air Pollution and Climate Chang." NCAR. 14 Feb 2006. 10 Dec 2006

McCaffrey, Mark . "heat is the difference between Weather and Climate?." NOAA. Friday, 09 Jan 2004. 10 Dec 2006 .

Weather, Climate, and Society. 10 Dec 2006 .
Perritano, John. “Can We Stop Global Warming?” Current Science. December, 1999: 8.

Weise, Elizabeth. “Alaska the ‘poster state’ for climate concerns.” USA Today. May, 2006.

O’Driscoll, Patrick. “Animals scramble as the climate warms.” USA Today. May, 2006.

Gardiner, Lisa. “Air Pollution affects Plants, Animals, and Environments.” http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/Atmosphere/wildlife_forests.html, February 21, 2006.

Thursday, November 09, 2006

ENO activity: Climate Change

KENYA
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate is one of the factors that control the life of human being i.e. how he lives and carry out his economic activities especially agriculture. Due to the change in climate all the living organisms have suffered most because of the new environment that they were not used. This change in climate has led to many effect/ impacts of it to the surrounding.

First it has led to the low production of crops. Crops need adequate rainfall for them to do well, but this has been hindered by very little rainfall in same areas. The low amount of rain received also leads to desertification i.e. the desert increase in its geographical area. How production of crops also leads to decrease in population. This is because some individuals lost their lives due to hunger, and low reproduction rate cause by luck of energy in the body.

Climate change has also led to frequent flooding in other areas or parts of the world. The flooding leads to lost of life, and spreading of some water borne diseases which interfears with our body functioning and some times caused death. Skin cancer has also been caused by hot climate. This is due to the strong ultra violet rays of the sun. skin cancer is uncurable disease and there. Fore it make many people to perish, and this leads to reduction in economic development.

Climate change has also led to the migration of people to other areas with condiusive climate which is good for human settlement. It has also led to the change of dressing ways as in some places it is very cold and need heavy clothes to provide warmth to the body while in some hot areas very light clothes are needed to protect the body.

The main causes of climate change are human being, who has caused desertification to a great extent by cutting down trees. Therefore to control this we should plant more trees instead of cutting them. Another cause which can be said to be greatest is the nature act of God e.g. low amount of rain in the other parts of the world, hunger, temperature, flooding etc. this ones can only be controlled by praying to God to have mercy on as, and also to provide us with more effective ways controlling the change in climate.

Causes of climate change
„X During the earth revolution of the sun, the change in sun¡¦s position lead to either increase a decreases the surface temperature.
„X The burning of fuels lads to ozone layer diplation hence global worming.
„X Manufacturing of certain toxic chemicals may lead to global warming and hence climate change.
„X The amount of solar intensity also causes climatic change.
„X The change in polarity of the earths magnetic field may influence the upper atmosphere which in turn changes the whole.
„X The change in polarity of the earth¡¦s magnetic field.
„X Clearing of forest leads to low rates of carbon dioxide for absorption hence global warming.
„X Volcanic activities which provide huge amount of particles heat water vapour as well as emission of gases which absorbs radiant heat.


Impacts of climate change.
„X There is wide spread changes in the natural echo system with grassland and desert areas expanding but forested areas are reducing.
„X Thermal expansion of oceans and lakes leads to sea level rise hence causing flooding of low land areas.
„X High global temperature leads to evaporation and may in turn cause a lot of rain in some areas.
„X Global warming leads to mass destruction of property like plants wilting and animals die due to luck of enough pasture hence lads to drought and famine therefore claim many lives.
„X Climatic change may affect the hydrological cycle.
„X Wetter and warmer temperature may increase the rate of pest and diseases, which destroy plants and claim livestock lives.


Pledges to climatic change
„X Planting more trees to attract rain and maintain the hydrological circle.
„X Inventing the alternative source of fuels that cannot cause global worming.
„X Educating people on how importance the forest are.
„X Stop burning of charcoals in forested areas and even cutting down trees.
„X Determining the systematic way of cutting the trees where by the only mature trees are the ones to be cut and in paddocks and after cutting them. Ones are also planted.

Wednesday, November 08, 2006

ENO activity: Our town in 1956, today and in 2056.

KE02

DESCRIPTION OF MY CITY IN 50 YEARS TIME

My city Oyugis in the year 2056 will be greatly improved due to high technological know how and improvements within it sociality of the people living at current has ever create room for forign investments as even today goods from Kisii land and Kikuyu land finds their way into the city freely. This as also attracted neighboring tribes like the Masai¡¦s to invest in trading with the people of my city.

Due to the introduction of challenge of ¡¥zozo¡¦ people are going to be taught the benefit of controlling the environment hence will provide conducive environment that will improve the status of the city.

Their will be also the development of good transport and communication net work that will easean the transportation and distribution of messages to where they are needed.

Due to the improvement in technology, their will be also the development of air stripes and air ports that will ensure faster transportation of perishable goods and urgent messages.

With the existence of good climatic conditions, people will start planting cash crops resulting into plantation farming. This will ensure and promote putting up of industries to manufacture the finished product with the development of industries, it will form source of environment to most of the unemployment cases will be gratefully reduced. Availability of job opportunities will ensure high living standard of people.

There will also the development of communication system that will greatly attract many customers to start their business ¡V due to the existence of ODINO electric power station, the city will allover have electricity supply and will also provide power for the operation of computers and other machines.

The city will also have piped water to all his inhabitants especially from ¡¥Atemo¡¦ that currently supply the city with clean water and will be highly developed. Concerning the people involving themselves in plantation farming, the existing Ayoro cooperative society will be greatly develop thus will be profitable to share-holders.

Due to industrialization, many people will migrate from rural to urban to such for jobs hence will greatly affect production of goods and raw materials from the rural areas. This will result into labour shortage in the plantation farms. The city will be very much secured as the population will be great.

Some parts of the city which experiences draughts will be irrigated as water from Lake Victoria will be used in the plantation farms. Due to great population in the city, it will lead to high conjesion of the available infrastructurethus will result into the development of slums in the city. High population result into high crime rate in the city. Since the cars will be many it will result into unnecessary traffic jams this will result into insecurity in the city.

During the process of manufacturing from the industries, there will be high emission of toxic fumes and gases from the industries that causes pollution. All the offices that will be built and other houses, they will be built using gasses thus will improve the status of the city.

There will be also the development of highways, terminals railways stations and round ¡V about. All these will help to reduce the occurrence of accidents. All the people will get used to the internet thus people will not go to school but will just learn and taught through computers. This will also enhance the economy of the city as people will not go to meetings in persons but will discuss and had conference using computers.

By those years, our city will have goods at high prices thus will not be available to the poor.